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  • Experts

Michael Eisenstadt

  • Kahn Senior Fellow
  • Director, Military & Security Studies Program
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  • Iran
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Michael Eisenstadt
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Michael Eisenstadt is the Kahn Senior Fellow and director of The Washington Institute's Military and Security Studies Program. A specialist in Persian Gulf and Arab-Israeli security affairs, he has published widely on irregular and conventional warfare, and nuclear weapons proliferation in the Middle East.

Prior to joining the Institute in 1989, Mr. Eisenstadt worked as a military analyst with the U.S. government.

Mr. Eisenstadt served for twenty-six years as an officer in the U.S. Army Reserve before retiring in 2010. His military service included active-duty stints in Iraq with the United States Forces-Iraq headquarters (2010) and the Human Terrain System Assessment Team (2008); in Israel, the West Bank, and Jordan with the U.S. Security Coordinator (USSC) for Israel and the Palestinian Authority (2008-2009); at U.S. Central Command headquarters and on the Joint Staff during Operation Enduring Freedom and the planning for Operation Iraqi Freedom (2001-2002); and in Turkey and Iraq during Operation Provide Comfort (1991).

He has also served in a civilian capacity on the Multinational Force-Iraq/U.S. Embassy Baghdad Joint Campaign Plan Assessment Team (2009) and as a consultant or advisor to the congressionally mandated Iraq Study Group (2006), the Multinational Corps-Iraq Information Operations Task Force (2005-2006), and the State Department's Future of Iraq defense policy working group (2002-2003). In 1992, he took a leave of absence from the Institute to work on the U.S. Air Force Gulf War Air Power Survey.

Education

Mr. Eisenstadt earned an MA in Arab Studies from Georgetown University and a BA in political science from SUNY Binghamton and has traveled widely in the Middle East. He speaks Arabic and Hebrew, and reads French.

Michael Eisenstadt
Download High-Resolution Portrait

Contact

(202) 230-9550 (media inquiries only)
(202) 452-0650 (other inquiries)
[email protected]

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Featured Publications

An F35A fighter on a night-training mission at dusk
Maps & Graphics
Attacking Iran's Nuclear Program:
The Complex Calculus of Preventive Action
Should a negotiated deal prove elusive, policymakers will need to consider how to define a successful strike, Iran’s potential responses, and whether a strategy of prevention can be sustained.
Mar 11, 2025
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
Book cover with Iranian missiles, including Shahab-3
Maps & Graphics
If Iran Gets the Bomb:
Weapons, Force Posture, Strategy
The decision would require tradeoffs affecting the security, survivability, and military credibility of Tehran's nascent arsenal.
Nov 25, 2024
◆
  • Michael Eisenstadt
Eisenstadt monograph cover; U.S. "Plumbbob Hood" nuclear weapons test, 1957
Maps & Graphics
Iran's Nuclear Hedging Strategy:
Shaping the Islamic Republic's Proliferation Calculus
Tehran’s willingness to pause aspects of its nuclear program may offer opportunities to stoke regime concerns about the potential costs of moving forward.
Nov 29, 2022
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
Kokuka Courageous tanker, Gulf of Oman
Deterring Iran in the Gray Zone
Insights from Four Decades of Conflict
The United States has repeatedly failed to understand the unique requirements of gray zone deterrence. A U.S. strategy would not only facilitate more successful diplomacy with Tehran but also enhance efforts to counter other actors such as China and Russia.
Apr 14, 2021
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
Stars: cracked earth climate change, U.S. military insignia, tankers, drone
Beyond Forever Wars and Great Power Competition:
Rethinking the U.S. Military Role in the Middle East
To meet future security challenges, the United States will need to reassess how it deters adversaries and conducts security force assistance in the region, while becoming more proficient in gray zone operations and information activities. Addressing cultural factors and trends such as climate change will require solutions outside the traditional national security toolkit.
Jun 1, 2021
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
U.S.-Israel cooperation images: in agtech, medicine, military, etc.
Asset Test 2021:
How the U.S. Can Keep Benefiting from Its Alliance with Israel
Areas for especially timely U.S.-Israel cooperation include climate resilience, agtech, and medical research, as well as longstanding work in the military and security arenas.
Feb 24, 2021
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
  • David Pollock
Operating in the Gray Zone:
Countering Iran's Asymmetric Way of War
An in-depth look at how the Islamic Republic manages escalation in the gray zone between war and peace, leverages asymmetries to achieve disproportionate effects, and employs its hybrid force structure for maximum effect.
Jan 7, 2020
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
U.S. Military Engagement in the Broader Middle East
Reflecting broad foreign policy themes dating to World War I, U.S. grand strategy in the Middle East since the Cold
May 3, 2016
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  • James Jeffrey
  • Michael Eisenstadt
Regional Pushback, Nuclear Rollback:
A Comprehensive Strategy for an Iran in Turmoil
This past October, President Trump rolled out a new U.S. strategy toward Iran focused, in the president's words, on the
Jan 11, 2018
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran:
Religion, Expediency, and Soft Power in an Era of Disruptive Change
In Marine Corps University's expanded and revised 2015 edition of The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran, first
Nov 23, 2015
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
Iran's Influence in Iraq:
Countering Tehran's Whole-of-Government Approach
Since the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime in 2003, Iran has tried to establish itself as the key external power
Apr 26, 2011
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
  • Michael Knights
  • Ahmed Ali
Between Not-In and All-In:
U.S. Military Options in Syria
In light of the inability of diplomacy and sanctions to staunch the Syrian bloodletting, the Obama administration is reviewing its policy alternatives in Syria. This paper, and the associated briefing, provides an overview of U.S. military options, evaluating the pros and cons of each.
May 16, 2014
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  • Chandler Atwood
  • Joshua Burgess
  • Michael Eisenstadt
  • Joseph Wawro
Beyond Worst-Case Analysis:
Iran's Likely Responses to an Israeli Preventive Strike
Although an Israeli preventive strike on Iran's nuclear program would be a high-risk endeavor carrying a potential for escalation in
Jun 1, 2012
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
  • Michael Knights
What Iran's Chemical Past Tells Us About Its Nuclear Future
Michael Eisenstadt examines the parallels between the development of Iran's chemical warfare program during the war with Iraq and its nuclear program today.
Apr 3, 2014
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  • Michael Eisenstadt

Recent Policy Analysis by Michael Eisenstadt

US and Israeli military planes participate in the 2023 Juniper Oak joint exercise - source: IDF
Brief Analysis
Bombing Iran's Nuclear Program: Implications of Preventive Action
Mar 25, 2025
◆
  • Dana Stroul
  • Richard Nephew
  • Michael Eisenstadt
  • Holly Dagres
An F35A fighter on a night-training mission at dusk
In-Depth Reports
Attacking Iran's Nuclear Program:
The Complex Calculus of Preventive Action
Mar 11, 2025
◆
  • Michael Eisenstadt
Brief Analysis
Can Iran Restore Its Missile Mojo?
Dec 23, 2024
◆
  • Michael Eisenstadt
  • Farzin Nadimi
Book cover with Iranian missiles, including Shahab-3
In-Depth Reports
If Iran Gets the Bomb:
Weapons, Force Posture, Strategy
Nov 25, 2024
◆
  • Michael Eisenstadt
Nuclear warhead schematics from the Manhattan Project, 1945
Brief Analysis
With Its Conventional Deterrence Diminished, Will Iran Go for the Bomb?
Nov 15, 2024
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
Brief Analysis
Denial or Punishment? The U.S.-Israel Debate About How Best to Deter Iran
Apr 26, 2024
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
All Policy Analysis by Michael Eisenstadt
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